Soaps can be prepared through saponification.
What is saponification?
-saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce glycerol or fatty acid salt.
-triglycerides-
-lipids that contain fatty acid ester linkages can undergoes hydrolysis. This reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid and or base. Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters.
an example of the reaction is:
what happen to the fat??
Fats/oils undergoes hydrolysis in alkali condition and then break up to fatty acid and glycerol. Then, fatty acid will react with alkali to form sodium salts of fatty acid (soap).
preparation of soap by saponification
STEP 1: Palm oil and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution
is poured into a beaker, heated, stirred until it boiling
[the layer of oil dissaperar] and cooled.
boiled again and cooled. White precipitate is formed
and floats on the surface of the mixture.
STEP 3: Mixture is filtered by filter paper.
STEP 4: Solid soap is washed with distilled water to remove
excess alkali and salt.
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